![]() The prime meridian of the system we use runs through Greenwich, England and is known as the Greenwich meridian. One meridian is designated as the prime meridian. A second set of rings around the globe at right angles to lines of latitude and passing through the poles is known as meridians of longitude or simply meridians. Lines of latitude run east-west but north-south distances are measured between them.ī. The rings around the earth parallel to the equator are called parallels of latitude or simply parallels. The distance of a point north or south of the equator is known as its latitude. By drawing a set of east-west rings around the globe (parallel to the equator), and a set of north-south rings crossing the equator at right angles and converging at the poles, a network of reference lines is formed from which any point on the earth's surface can be located.Ī. One of the oldest systematic methods of location is based upon the geographic coordinate system. To cope with this problem, a uniform and precise system of referencing has been developed. ![]() However, finding locations in undeveloped areas or in unfamiliar parts of the world can be a problem. In a city, it is quite simple to find a location the streets are named and the buildings have numbers. ![]() The chapter includes explanations of geographical coordinates, Universal Transverse Mercator grids, the military grid reference system, and the use of grid coordinates. Few factors contribute as much to the survivability of troops and equipment and to the successful accomplishment of a mission as always knowing where you are. It is essential for valid target acquisition accurate reporting of NBC contamination and various danger areas and obtaining emergency resupply. Knowing where you are (position fixing) and being able to communicate that knowledge is crucial to successful land navigation as well as to the effective employment of direct and indirect fire, tactical air support, and medical evacuation. CHAPTER 4 GRIDS This chapter covers how to determine and report positions on the ground in terms of their locations on a map. ![]()
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